Zx81 assembler for beginners.



Assembler (or ASM), is a basic language based a several mnemonics coded in machine codes.

The CPU , the Z80, is able to read sequencial instruction, and jumps to the next step... the next order.

It's designed to get a byte groupe and run an internal process ... move the memory, set a register, read a port...

The assembler code could be type-in using hexadecimals, decimals or characters codes.


Many Zx81 movices had typed a machine code game using POKE 16514,0 ... in the Basic editor.

However, the assembler language can be compiled with a dedicated program such « Artic assembler » or « TASM ».

Both able to type mnemonics instead of purs machine values. It make easy type-in and all modifications.



A disassembled machine code :


8 or 16 Bits values:

In case of 8 bits value (a byte), the CPU get a number between 0 and 255 ... in hexadecimal, 0 and FF.

The hexadecimal format is prefered because of it taking 2 characters on the screen, but most of Zx81 programs, written on the Zx Printer are available in decimals... In fact, the ZX81 charcter table and the bad Zx Printer printed quality force the user to use it. Hexadecimals codes use « 8 » and « B », « D » intead of « 0 » ... it can make any confusions while running the typed in game!

In case of 16 bits values (2 bytes), you had to swap both values (Byte2;Byte1) to read the correct hexadecimal value.

00h;40h (Where h is the hexadecimal tag) is read : 4000h (16384 in decimal)

In the compiled code : 2A;00;40 ... 2A= « LD HL register » mnemonic and 00;40= 4000h value.

But, our ZX81 is running with hexadecimals values and don't use decimals values...



Mnemonics:


The CPU convert all codes in specifics actions.

« 2A » value throw to the CPU an order to set a register or a byte located in the next codes.

In machine code, it named « LD » (Load Datas) and « 2A » specify that's the HL register.

Regards our example, 2A;00;40 this groupe will be note : LD HL,4000


Note:

- A low case « h » could be added to tag an hexadecimal value, to make reading easy, but by default, there's nothing in Artic ASM2

- To tag a decimal value in Artic ASM2, you had to use a « + » before the value.

- All exemple in this page are written in Artic ASM2 language.
- All values and registers a parced using a comma, to avoid confusions in « LD A, A » and « LD A,0A » (10 decimal) case.    allways add a zero behind the letter, if it isn't a register (or use the decimal code : +10).

- If you had to use Turbo-ASM DOS compiler, it alow to use somes of advenced mnemonics and the text chart seem different. ( Have a look to the TASM documentation to retrieve all text specifications ).



Where assembled codes can be located?


The main Zx81 particularity is his Load and Save Basic ROM function.

It able to save the Basic segment, the D_File and the variables memory segment in a single file.

If you put your code above the Variables segment, it wont be Saved !

If you plan to Save your ASM codes, you had to store it in the saved memory segment.

It can be placed in the Basic segment in a reseved REM line or in the Variables segment.

The D_File display memory segment could be used but must by move to another location after a loading... and must be cleaned using the CLS function to retrive a conventional display.

You can move your codes to the 32-48k segment, or use the 8-16k ram on a 64k ram pack from Memotech.

But, the most popular location is in the Basic segment ... in a Rem line.

You had to reserve a REM line to place your code.

1 REM xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

All « x » characters will be replaced with your ASM codes.

If you had to choice a line number, prefer using all REM lines in the start of Basic program.

The first launched code in your ASM code must be located in the same offset.

In case of Basic program update, this offset could be decayed, if you had to add a line behind your code.



Registers:


The Z80 CPU use several registers to store datas or read internals flags.

But, all of them can't be set.



8 bits registers:


AF register: is used to retrive booleans result and internal functions. (8bits RW+ 8bits RO)
In fact, AF is a 16 bits register used as a 8bits data byte A and a read-only flag register F use in conditionals opp-codes.

This register could be used to store any temporary datas, but it's used to retrieve some datas set with ADD,SUB, XOR...

In case of conditions opperationals codes, the F register will be changed.


Bit location.

Flag.

Internal function.

Conditions.

B7

fs

Sign.

Positive= 0 - Negative = 1 (P and N condition)

B6

fz

Zero.

OTHER =0 - Zero = 1

B5

f5

Not used

Internal flag used by the Z80.

B4

fh

Half-Carry

Bit3 (or 11) ->bit4 (or 12) not changed = 0
Bit3 (or 11) ->bit4 (or 12) changed = 1

B3

f3

Not used.

Internal flag used by the Z80.

B2

fpv

PARITY/Overflow.

Parity odd=0/parity Even=1 or
Add... bit6 to 7 overflow= 1

B1

fn

Substract.

(internal) The last instruction was a Substract or an addition ?

B0

fc

Carry

Bit7 (or 16) to a fictive Bit8 (or 17) changed =1 else =0


In case of « JMP P,address », the P is drived by the B7 flag statment, Jump to Address if positive.


NZ - not zero ( fz=0 )
Z – zero ( fz = 1 )
NC - not carry ( fc = 0 )
C - carry ( fc = 1 )

PO - parity odd ( fpv = 0 )
PE - parity even ( fpv = 1 )
M - minus
( fs = 0 )

P - positive ( fs = 1 )



16 Bits registers:

HL: Data register, you can set H and L separatelly (RW) as 8bits registers.
BC : Data register, you can set B and C separatelly (RW) as 8bits registers.

DE : Data register, you can set D and E separatelly (RW) as 8bits registers.


HL, BC and DE have got an internal buffer for each register.

There values can be stored or retrived using the EXX opp. Code.(It also named « Alternat registers pairs »:HL',BC' and DE')

Exemple:
LD HL, 12
EXX

LD HL,22

EXX

HL=12

EXX

HL=22

It avoid to use the stack, PUSH HL and POP HL. It also usefull in case of DJNZ function if BC is allready used in your codes.


IR : Data used to point to interrupts , you can set I and R separatelly (RW).(Point to Characters binary table segment or « UDG »)

IX : Display register.(Horizontal-RO)

IY : Display register.(Vertical-RO)

SP : Internal pointer register to stacks.(RO)

PC : Program Pointer program register.(Internal Pointer not available).



LD function and reading rules.


The « LD » function is the main ASM function !

It used to retrieve, move, set a register or the memory.

LD A, 10 mean ... Load Data in A register from/with 10 value.

In fact, you can use « LD » and set the first argument with the secound one.

In case of indirects values, the CPU get the value located in a 2 bytes address in the memory .

Use : LD A,(4000) , Get the byte located in 4000h address.( in case of LD A,4000 ... LD=4000 )

Notes:

With 16 bits values ... LD HL,(4000) And 4000h= 12 4001h= 13,

HL = 1312h !

To set the memory, you had to use LD (4000),HL !

LD HL, 1312 ; Set HL=1312

LD (4000), HL ; Put 1312 in memory at 4000h offset.

If you Peek (16384), you can see 18 (12h) and Peek (16385) = 19 (13h).

In a machine code program, this inverted value is masked and don't need to be inverted.

But, if you had to retrieve it in Basic, you had to type : Let address = (Peek (16383)*256)+Peek (16384)


In the following ASM code ...


LD HL, 1312 ; Set HL=1312

LD (4000), HL ; Put 1312 in memory at 4000h offset.

LD HL,(4000) ; Get the memory 2 bytes (16bits) at 4000h offset and store it in HL.

HL = 1312h the stored value is the same in ASM!

If you had to store a HL register, you can use the stack, a memory buffer located in the top of the ZX81 memory.

PUSH HL store the HL value and POP HL will retrieve the previous HL value.
You can use PUSH and POP with all commons registers.



How to use basics mnemonics?



If you had to retrieve a simple data: 100+12 = Data.

Note: All datas after the « ; » tag, is a remarque and isn't compiled.


LD A, 64 ; Load A register with (+)100 in decimal (+ is the decimal tag in Artic ASM2).

ADD +12 ; Add 12 to A register ... in Artic Assembler you can't use « ADD C » ( but prefere « 0C » (Zero+C)),

; C will be the C register while the ASM2 compilation. You had to write +12 in decimal or 0C !


« A » register will be set to 70h (+112).


LD A, FF ; Load A register with (+)255 in decimal.

XOR FF ; Will change A register with the exclusive OR function.

'A' register will be set to 00h (+0).


In those both exemples, the A register will be changed and can't be retrived.


With paire registers HL,BC and DE (2Bytes and 16Bits), you had to choose specifics functions...

1000h +1200h = Data

LD HL, 1000 ; HL=1000

LD BC, 1200 ; BC=1200

ADD HL, BC ; ADD HL and BC.

HL = 2200h


1200h - 1000h = Data

LD HL, 1200 ; HL=1200

LD BC, 1000 ; BC=1000

SBC HL, BC ; ADD HL and BC.

HL = 200h

In those both exemples, you had to use the HL register and can't be used as a value storage.



Advanced ASM function:


LDIR exemple.

In the mnemonics functions list, many function called, use register as temporary values or throw values in registers.

LDIR is a memory function used to copy or move a memory segment (screen copy, scrowlings or datas copy),

This function is very fast and take less memory than an ASM counter using LD to move the memory.

To move a memory segment located at HL to DE offset...

LD HL, 5000 ; HL= 5000h (source)

LD DE, 4000 ; DE= 4000h (destination)

LD BC, +1024 ; BC= 1024 (lenght of the segment)

LDIR ; Copy the memory segment (lenght 1024Bytes), how start at 4000h.

RET ; Return to the CALL ASM function or exit to the Basic.

This function will get each byte HL + n , move it to DE + n , and will repeat this action untile BC=1 (0 after the LDIR function)

Else, n will be increase: n = n +1 and will continue to copy each byte.


LDDR is the same function, but n is decease: n = n -1



How to use Artic Assembler ?


ZX-Assembler-2 by Artic Computing LTD

The text source code is stored in « line 2 », the object code(ASM) in « line 1 ».

The main program is located in « line 0 ».


Type LET OC=USR 16516 or RAND USR 16516 to launch the Artic Assembler program.

Type « E » to go to the inboad editor (shift+Q to quit)

In the main menu, type « » (twice) to exit to basic editor.

If the LET command is used, it return the OC value of the start address of the object code.

If an ORG directive is added using ORG +16516, it able to get proper jumps address in the futur `1 REM' code.

It allow to get propers address jump when it moved to another start address.

Use COPY (A in the main menu) option to perform the assembly.

Erase lines 0 and 2, and save your code.

Note: The line 1 can't be start at 16514, There's a line header/footer !. Your code must start at 16516.


Keys:

  • A ( Assemble mnemonics. )

  • E ( Edit codes. )

> Shift+ A ( Label. )

> Shift+ S ( Find. )

> Shift+ T ( Page Up. )

> Shift+ 0 ( Delete char. )

> Shift+ 9 ( Insert char. )

> Shift+ E ( Insert line. )

> Shift+ D ( Delete line. )

> Shift+ G (Printer ouput?)

> Shift+ Q ( Undo. )

  • S ( Search.)

  • M ( Edit values )

  • R ( Run offset. )

  • M ( View memory. )

> J ( Jump to )

> L ( Move Down )

> P,O ( Move Up )

> Q ( Quit viewer )

> R ( Repeat entry )

  • I ( Modify registers: BC,DE,HL,AF & CPU flags. )

  • C ( Copy memory bloc. )


Most options can be quitted by pressing « Q » or « Shift-Q »

exit assembler by pressing « » twice at main prompt


Note:

- Hexadecimals values are set by default, add a « + » before your value if decimal.

- « » is used to add a comment.



Constants:

@DFILE=+16396 ; Set a Decimal value

@START ; is an address label.

(@ is the « shift+A » function in the ASM2 editor, used for labels and constants settings)


Direct assembly datas:


1C 1D ; Will be directly assembled.

"0" "2";...(add a space)

+28 +29 ;...(add a space)

"02" ; ...



Click here to download my « Edit+ » Plug-in to parse ASM2 functions.




How to use inboard « Artic Assembler 2 » in Vb81 XuR:


It was code to wrap windows facilities to this ZX81 program.

You can use an external assembler like TASM, or other Dos program, but ASM2 is more suitable for a ZX81's emulator !



-Open VB81 XuR, the tool-bar if it closed.

-Click on then « ASM » button.

And « Ok »

A new window will be displayed...

(...)



- Click on the « 3 » button to create a new line 2.
This button add a text line with alls mnemonics typed in the text box editor « 2 ».
If you had to refresh this list, juste delete the line 2, the caption will be available to create the next refreshed codes to be used in ASM2.

Now, return to the emulator and type R ... « RUN » and « New/Line » to validate.

Under ASM2, type « E »... All text box is now in the ASM2!

Press « shift-Q »(twice) to return to the main menu.
Press « A »(assemble) and « new/line »
Your first asm code is now compiled!
It's stored in the basic line 1.

Return to the right window and click on « 4 » caption.
It will extract the created binary code, and will save it in a file.
« MyWork.bin »
(see bellow to retrive and fill a basic REM line.)

You can also type-in « Save ''MyAsm'' » and alls codes and mnemonics will be saved.

Now, erase the text box, and type the « 7 » caption.
It will retrive (extracte) the line 2 content, and will fill in the text box! ... in case of debuggs in the ASM2 inboard editor!

The « 1 » and « 5 » are used to load or save the text box content.

The « 6 » caption is used to unlock all REMs line to delete the 0 and 2 lines.
Keep the line 1... it's your machine code routine!


1 = Load a mnemonic file « *.txt » or « *.asm » files.

2 = Mini editor text box to cut and paste your machine code.

3 = Create the « Line 2 », a new line will be added in the zx81 basic editor. It include all the text box text.

4 = If the « Line 1 » is present in the basic program, this button is active. This line is created while using « Assemble » in the ASM2 main menu.You don't had to erase it, it's automaticly refreshed in case of a secound « Assemble ».It will extract the raw machine code in the « line1 »... whithout header and footer.

5 = Save the mnemonic list in a file « *.txt » or « *.asm ».

6 =Used to Unlock the REM line 0, to erase ASM2 codes, and directly use the line 1 as your source code. (you can delete the « line 2 » used to store mnemonics)

7 = Refresh the text box and call back the « line2 » content. In case of ASM2 changes in the inboard editor.

Include a binary file in a REM Line:

If you have saved the binary code under a « BIN » extension, using the « 4 » caption...
Open a new XuR session, type-in a « 1 REM XXXXX... » line.

Go to the « Tools » popup, and select « Memory Tools »
Select the rem filler tab « File to REM ».
Select the REM to be filled ... and click « Execute ».

Select the proper « BIN » file, saved using the « 4 » caption.
« MyWork.bin » ... and « load » to validate.
Close the « Memory tools» window...
And type LIST...
Your code is now in the REM.

Notes:
- The binary file will be trimmed to be stored in your REM.
- The reserved space characters in your REM had to be the same lenght regard the loaded file.
- You also can add several characters in your REM to be sure to add your futur next released codes.
- If your codes have a 76h (new line character) in, you will had to delete the line, and type-in it again.






Mains ZX81 variables:


D_File: The floating display memory segment. (after the tokenized Basic program)

Vars: The floating variables memory segment. (after the tokenized display memory segment)

Keyboard: The keyboard statement.


All address values are placed in a reseved memory segment, used by the Basic editor and the Rom feature.

It's a ram memory placed beatween 4000h and 4082h, start of Basic memory.



Mains Roms routines:


In machine codes, to reduce the memory used in your codes, you can jump to the rom, to execute some existing subroutines.

You can use a CALL function, but, if this function isn't stand alone you had to set HL,DE,BC etc...

The Rom disassembly allow to retrieve many address entry :

Click here to download the Rom's subroutines address list.

TASM include file : ZX81.sym (symbol address list)


Just add:

#include « ZX81.sym »

In your TASM mnemonics file.


Exemple:

; Plot a pixel at 1,1 on the screen.

#include « ZX81.sym » ; Load les symbol file.

LD BC, $0101 ; Set location variables : X=1 Y=1
CALL PLOT ; Call the Basic interpreter subroutine to plot a point.

RET ; Return to Basic.




Z80 INSTRUCTIONS AND ADDRESSING MODES


The following list shows the acceptable opcode mnemonics and their corresponding operand formats for the Z80 version of TASM. The following symbols are used in the table:


Click here to download TASM


SYMBOLIC DESCRIPTION
-----------------------------------------------
ADDR= Absolute address (16 bits)
BIT = Bit address
DATA-8 = Immediate data (8 bits)
DATA-16 = Immediate data (16 bits)
DISP = Relative address
REG = Register (A, B, C, D, E, H, or L)
RP = Register pair (BC, DE, HL, or SP)
PORT = Port (0 - 255)

COND = Condition
NZ - not zero
Z - zero
NC - not carry
C - carry
PO - parity odd
PE - parity even
P - positive
M - minus
(or NP)

OPCODE

OPERAND DESCRIPTION

ADC A,DATA-8
ADC A,REG
ADC A,(HL)
ADC A,(IX+DISP)
ADC A,(IY+DISP)
ADC HL,RP

Add immediate with carry to accumulator
Add register with carry to accumulator
Add indirect memory with carry to accumulator
Add indirect memory with carry to accumulator
Add indirect memory with carry to accumulator
Add register pair with carry to HL

ADD A,DATA-8
ADD A,REG
ADD A,(HL)
ADD A,(IX+DISP)
ADD A,(IY+DISP)
ADD HL,RP
ADD IX,RP
ADD IY,RP

Add immediate to accumulator
Add register to accumulator
Add indirect memory to accumulator
Add indirect memory to accumulator
Add indirect memory to accumulator
Add register pair to HL
Add register pair to index register
Add register pair to index register

AND DATA-8
AND REG
AND (HL)
AND (IX+DISP)
AND (IY+DISP)

And immediate with accumulator
And register with accumulator
And memory with accumulator
And memory with accumulator
And memory with accumulator

BIT BIT,REG
BIT BIT,(HL)
BIT BIT,(IY+DISP)
BIT BIT,(IX+DISP)

Test BIT in register
Test BIT in indirect memory
Test BIT in indirect memory
Test BIT in indirect memory

CALL ADDR
CALL COND,ADDR

Call the routine at ADDR
Call the routine if COND is satisfied

CCF

Complement carry flag

CP DATA-8
CP REG
CP (HL)
CP (IX+DISP)
CP (IY+DISP)

Compare immediate data with accumulator
Compare register with accumulator
Compare indirect memory with accumulator
Compare indirect memory with accumulator
Compare indirect memory with accumulator

CPD

Compare accumulator with memory and
decrement address and byte counters

CPDR

Compare accumulator with memory and
decrement address and byte counter,
continue until match is found or
byte counter is zero

CPI

Compare accumulator with memory and
increment address and byte counters

CPIR

Compare accumulator with memory and
increment address and byte counter,
continue until match is found or
byte counter is zero

CPL

Complement the accumulator

DAA

Decimal adjust accumulator

DEC REG
DEC RP
DEC IX
DEC IY
DEC (HL)
DEC (IX+
DISP)
DEC (IY+
DISP)

Decrement register contents

DI

Disable interrupts

DJNZ DISP

Decrement reg B and jump relative if zero

EI

Enable interrupts

EX AF,AF'
EX DE,HL
EX (SP),HL
EX (SP),IX
EX (SP),IY

Exchange program status and alt program stat
Exchange DE and HL contents
Exchange contents of HL and top of stack
Exchange contents of IX and top of stack
Exchange contents of IY and top of stack

EXX

Exchange register pairs and alt reg pairs

HALT

Program execution stops

IM 0
IM 1
IM 2

Interrupt mode 0
Interrupt mode 1
Interrupt mode 2

IN A,PORT

Input port to accumulator

INC REG
INC RP
INC IX
INC IY
INC (HL)
INC (IX+DISP)
INC (IY+DISP)

Increment contents of register
Increment contents of register pair
Increment IX
Increment IY
Increment indirect memory
Increment indirect memory
Increment indirect memory

IND

Input to memory and decrement pointer

INDR

Input to memory and decrement pointer until
byte counter is zero

INI

Input to memory and increment pointer

INIR

Input to memory and increment pointer until
byte counter is zero

IN REG,(PORT)

Input to register

JP ADDR
JP COND,ADDR
JP (HL)
JP (IX)
JP (IY)

Jump to location
Jump to location if condition satisifed
Jump to location pointed to by HL
Jump to location pointed to by IX
Jump to location pointed to by IY

JR DISP
JR C,DISP
JR NC,DISP
JR NZ,DISP
JR Z,DISP

Jump relative
Jump relative if carry is set
Jump relative if carry bit is reset
Jump relative if zero flag is reset
Jump relative if zero flag is set

LD A,I
LD A,R
LD A,(ADDR)
LD A,(RP)
LD REG,REG
LD RP,(ADDR)
LD IX,(ADDR)
LD IY,(ADDR)
LD I,A
LD R,A
LD REG,DATA-8
LD RP,DATA-16
LD IX,DATA-16
LD IY,DATA-16
LD REG,(HL)
LD REG,(IX+DISP)
LD REG,(IY+DISP)
LD SP,HL
LD SP,IX
LD SP,IY
LD (ADDR),A
LD (ADDR),HL
LD (ADDR),RP
LD (ADDR),IX
LD (ADDR),IY
LD (HL),DATA-8
LD (IX+DISP),DATA-8
LD (IY+DISP),DATA-8
LD (HL),REG
LD (IX+DISP),REG
LD (IY+DISP),REG
LD (RP),A

Move interrupt vector contents to accumulator
Move refresh reg contents to accumulator
Load accumulator indirect from memory
Load accumulator indirect from memory by RP
Load source register to destination register
Load register pair indirect from memory
Load IX indirect from memory
Load IY indirect from memory
Load interrup vector from accumulator
Load refresh register from accumulator
Load register with immediate data
Load register pair with immediate data
Load IX with immediate data
Load IY with immediate data
Load register indirect from memory
Load register indirect from memory
Load register indirect from memory
Load contents of HL to stack pointer
Load contents of IX to stack pointer
Load contents of IY to stack pointer
Load contents of A to memory
Load contents of HL to memory
Load contents of register pair to memory
Load contents of IX to memory
Load contents of IY to memory
Load immediate into indirect memory
Load immediate into indirect memory
Load immediate into indirect memory
Load register into indirect memory
Load register into indirect memory
Load register into indirect memory
Load accumulator into indirect memory

LDD

Transfer data between memory and decrement
destination and source addresses

LDDR

Transfer data between memory until byte
counter is zero, decrement destintation
and source addresses

LDI

Transfer data between memory and increment
destination and source addresses

LDIR

Transfer data between memory until byte
counter is zero, increment destination
and source addresses

NEG

Negate contents of accumulator

NOP

No operation

OR DATA-8
OR REG
OR (HL)
OR (IX+DISP)
OR (IY+DISP)

Or immediate with accumulator
Or register with accumulator
Or indirect memory with accumulator
Or indirect memory with accumulator
Or indirect memory with accumulator

OUT (PORT),REG

Output from register

OUTD

Output from memory, decrement address

OTDR

Output from memory, decrement address
continue until reg B is zero

OUTI

Output from memory, increment address

OTIR

Output from memory, increment address
continue until reg B is zero

OUT PORT,A

Output from accumulator

POP RP
POP IX
POP IY

Load register pair from top of stack
Load IX from top of stack
Load IY from top of stack

PUSH RP
PUSH IX
PUSH IY

Store resister pair on top of stack
Store IX on top of stack
Store IY on top of stack

RES BIT,REG
RES BIT,(HL)
RES BIT,(IX+DISP)
RES BIT,(IY+DISP)

Reset register bit
Reset bit at indirect memory location
Reset bit at indirect memory location
Reset bit at indirect memory location

RET
RET COND

Return from subroutine
Return from subroutine if condition true

RETI

Return from interrupt

RETN

Return from non-maskable interrupt

RL REG
RL (HL)
RL (IX+DISP)
RL (IY+DISP)

Rotate left through carry register contents
Rotate left through carry indirect memory
Rotate left through carry indirect memory
Rotate left through carry indirect memory

RLA

Rotate left through carry accumulator

RLC REG
RLC (HL)
RLC (IX+DISP)
RLC (IY+DISP)

Rotate left branch carry register contents
Rotate left branch carry indirect memory
Rotate left branch carry indirect memory
Rotate left branch carry indirect memory

RLCA

Rotate left accumulator

RLD

Rotate one BCD digit left between the
accumulator and memory

RR REG
RR (HL)
RR (IX+DISP)
RR (IY+DISP)

Rotate right through carry register contents
Rotate right through carry indirect memory
Rotate right through carry indirect memory
Rotate right through carry indirect memory

RRA

Rotate right through carry accumulator

RRC REG
RRC (HL)
RRC (IX+DISP)
RRC (IY+DISP)

Rotate right branch carry register contents
Rotate right branch carry indirect memory
Rotate right branch carry indirect memory
Rotate right branch carry indirect memory

RRCA

Rotate right branch carry accumulator

RRD

Rotate one BCD digit right between the
accumulator and memory

RST

Restart

SBC A,DATA-8
SBC A,REG
SBC A,(HL)
SBC A,(IX+DISP)
SBC A,(IY+DISP)
SBC HL,RP

Subtract data from A with borrow
Subtract register from A with borrow
Subtract indirect memory from A with borrow
Subtract indirect memory from A with borrow
Subtract indirect memory from A with borrow
Subtract register pair from HL with borrow

SCF

Set carry flag

SET BIT,REG
SET BIT,(HL)
SET BIT,(IX+DISP)
SET BIT,(IY+DISP)

Set register bit
Set indirect memory bit
Set indirect memory bit
Set indirect memory bit

SLA REG
SLA (HL)
SLA (IX+DISP)
SLA (IY+DISP)

Shift register left arithmetic
Shift indirect memory left arithmetic
Shift indirect memory left arithmetic
Shift indirect memory left arithmetic

SRA REG
SRA (HL)
SRA (IX+DISP)
SRA (IY+DISP)

Shift register right arithmetic
Shift indirect memory right arithmetic
Shift indirect memory right arithmetic
Shift indirect memory right arithmetic

SRL REG
SRL (HL)
SRL (IX+DISP)
SRL (IY+DISP)

Shift register right logical
Shift indirect memory right logical
Shift indirect memory right logical
Shift indirect memory right logical

SUB DATA-8
SUB REG
SUB (HL)
SUB (IX+DISP)
SUB (IY+DISP)

Subtract immediate from accumulator
Subtract register from accumulator
Subtract indirect memory from accumulator
Subtract indirect memory from accumulator
Subtract indirect memory from accumulator

XOR DATA-8
XOR REG
XOR (HL)
XOR (IX+DISP)
XOR (IY+DISP)

Exclusive or immediate with accumulator
Exclusive or register with accumulator
Exclusive or indirect memory with accumulator
Exclusive or indirect memory with accumulator
Exclusive or indirect memory with accumulator




If something's wrong or you plan to add exemples, programs or personals ideas, let me Known.
You can contact me with the site web mail.
...Sorry regards my poor (basic) English...

XavSnap / Xavier Martin 09/2010
Oppcodes list from TASM documentations.